The Memorandum of Understanding on ERTMS involving the European Commission, the European Railway Agency and the railway associations (CER, UIC, UNIFE, EIM, GSM-R Industry Group and ERFA) concerning the strengthening of cooperation for the management of ERTMS was signed on 16 April 2012 during a Danish Presidency event jointly chaired by Danish Transport Minister Henrik Dam Kristensen and Commission Vice-President Siim Kallas in Copenhagen.